General: Expand use of wp_get_wp_version().

Expands the use of `wp_get_wp_version()` to get an unmodified value of the current WordPress version in various locations in which it would be unhelpful if a plugin has modified the global `$wp_version`.

This includes:

* Theme and plugin compatibility tests
* During the upgrade process of WP Core
* Debug and site health data reports of the current version
* Version number display in the dashboard
* Block theme export and caching utilities
* The `WPDB` class

Props peterwilsoncc, hellofromtonya.
See #61627.



Built from https://develop.svn.wordpress.org/trunk@59159


git-svn-id: http://core.svn.wordpress.org/trunk@58554 1a063a9b-81f0-0310-95a4-ce76da25c4cd

wp-admin/includes/dashboard.php

@@ -2056,7 +2056,7 @@ function wp_dashboard_empty() {}
  * @since 5.9.0 Send users to the Site Editor if the active theme is block-based.
  */
 function wp_welcome_panel() {
-	list( $display_version ) = explode( '-', get_bloginfo( 'version' ) );
+	list( $display_version ) = explode( '-', wp_get_wp_version() );
 	$can_customize           = current_user_can( 'customize' );
 	$is_block_theme          = wp_is_block_theme();
 	?>
@@ -2070,7 +2070,7 @@ function wp_welcome_panel() {
 			<a href="<?php echo esc_url( admin_url( 'about.php' ) ); ?>">
 			<?php
 				/* translators: %s: Current WordPress version. */
-				printf( __( 'Learn more about the %s version.' ), $display_version );
+				printf( __( 'Learn more about the %s version.' ), esc_html( $display_version ) );
 			?>
 			</a>
 		</p>