This removes HTML tags from the label, which were not displayed as expected due to escaping. Including the directory name in the label is also redundant, as it is already mentioned in the check result description directly below.
Includes:
* Adjusting a few other labels for consistency.
* Moving `wp-content` out of the translatable string in a similar message in `WP_Upgrader::generic_strings()`.
Follow-up to [55720].
Props dlh, mukesh27, audrasjb, SergeyBiryukov.
See #58678.
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